Reports suggest the FBI activity is connected to an investigation into whether Mr Trump, a Republican, removed classified records from the White House and took them to Mar-a-Lago.
The search was approved at the highest levels of the Department of Justice (DoJ), an unnamed US official told CBS News, the BBC`s US partner.
Republicans have depicted the investigation as politically motivated, with leading figures demanding a briefing from Attorney General Merrick Garland, head of the DoJ.
Mr Trump`s former Vice-President, Mike Pence, who has subtly distanced himself amid speculation they may both launch 2024 White House runs, called on the attorney general to give "a full accounting" of why the search warrant was carried out.
"No former President of the United States has ever been subject to a raid of their personal residence in American history," he wrote on Twitter.
Mr Trump`s allies in Congress, meanwhile, vowed to launch an investigation if they win back control of the House of Representatives and Senate in November`s mid-term elections, when the balance of power in Washington will be decided, according to BBC.
White House spokeswoman Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters on Tuesday that President Joe Biden was given no advance notice by the FBI of the raid, and that he "learned about this from public reports".
"The president was not briefed and was not aware of it. No-one at the White House was given a heads-up," she said.
She told reporters that Mr Biden had gone to great lengths to preserve the independence of the justice department, adding: "President Biden believes in the rule of law."
The raid was first announced on Monday evening in a statement by the former president, who was at Trump Tower in New York City.
Lindsey Halligan, a lawyer for Mr Trump, said she had received a call around 10:00 local time (14:00 GMT) that the FBI had a search warrant for Mar-a-Lago and that she should come to the property.
She said she saw 30 to 40 gloved FBI agents, some in suits and others dressed casually, and around 10 to 15 FBI vehicles, including a rental truck.
Ms Halligan told CBS she and another lawyer for Mr Trump were barred from entering the complex, and that the search was divided into three sections: a bedroom, office and storage area.
"Complete overkill," she said. "If they needed documents, they could have asked."
The Secret Service agents protecting Mr Trump were notified shortly before the warrant was served, an unnamed law enforcement official told CBS, BBC reported.
